CODEBOOK AND USER'S MANUAL: A SURVEY OF 943 CHILD LABORERS IN NEW JERSEY, 1903 REPORTED IN THE TWENTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW JERSEY BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF LABOR AND INDUSTRIES Version 2.1 July 9, 1993 Susan B. Carter Roger L. Ransom Richard Sutch Hongcheng Zhao Historical Labor Statistics Project Institute of Business and Economic Research University of California Berkeley, California 94720 This codebook is a preliminary draft. The data described here and accompanying this version of the codebook is still in a preliminary format and may contain errors. Those wishing to use this data for research purposes should check with the authors for an update. Neither the collectors of the data or those sponsoring the data collection wish to bear responsibility for the use to which others may make of this data. The financial support of the National Science Foundation, the All-UC Group in Economic History, and of the Institute of Business and Economic Research and the Laboratory for Historical Research, both of the University of California, is appreciated. For further description of the Historical Labor Statistics Project, discussion of the social, economic, and political context in which the data were collected, and an assessment of data quality, see Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "The Historical Labor Statistics Project at the University of California," Historical Methods 24 (2) (Spring 1991): 52-65 and Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "Doing the Wright Thing: Carroll Wright and the State Labor Statistics Movement." Paper Presented at the Conference on Historical Labor Statistics, Lawrence, Kansas, June 1991. Suggested Citation: Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Richard Sutch, and Hongcheng Zhao. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903; Reported in the Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the New Jersey Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries. Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research, 1993. A SURVEY OF 943 CHILD LABORERS IN NEW JERSEY, 1903 In 1903 the New Jersey Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries undertook an investigation of the "social aspects" of child labor in the Garden State. The survey was a response to considerable agitation at that time over the issue of child labor -- or as critics of the employment of children termed it -- "child slavery." The questions asked in the survey were drawn up "with reference to almost every current complains or charge made against child labor, and afford a full and free opportunity for showing to what extent or what proportion such charges and complaints are well founded." The Bureau was keenly aware of the sensitivity of its subject. "In attempting to deal with the subject," noted the Superintendent in his Report, "facts and reason are liable to be lost sight of in an atmosphere of sentimentalism, the extent of the evil, if there is one, is grossly magnified, and the points of view from which the work of children might be justified as necessary, unavoidable, and unobjectionable, are almost totally ignored." To ensure that an accurate canvass was taken, the Bureau followed a plan of sending a "reliable, tactful, and intelligent agent into the principal factory towns of the state". The agents were instructed to find "families having children at work in the local mills or factories". Once the agent had located a family, he or she was instructed to fill out a form containing a series of questions. The forms were filled out based on "statements made by the children themselves, or where this was not the case, by the parent or some other member of the family." The agents were urged to avoid "even the appearance of partiality" in collecting the information, and exercise their judgement in recording the accuracy of the responses. The Bureau published responses from 943 children questioned. Table 1 provides a list of the questions asked by the Bureau, and the subsequent tables in this Codebook give the codes used in entering the data onto the computer, together with some statistics from the sample. Since version 2.0, some of the variable names and variable codes have been changed. Data errors in BEGIN_AM and CEASE_PM have been corrected. Users are reminded to be aware of these changes. The data from this sample of 943 child laborers in New Jersey in 1903 has been archived at the Laboratory for Historical Research at the University of California, Riverside. For additional information regarding the availability of these data please contact: Professor Roger Ransom Department of History University of California Riverside, CA 92521 FAX [909] 787-5299 Notes [1] New Jersey Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries, Twenty-Sixth Annual Report for the Year Ending October 31st, 1903. Somerville, N.J.: The Unionist-Gazette Printing House, 1904. Table 1 Questions Asked of Respondents Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Name Description PAGE Page on Which Individual Report Begins ID Office Number RES City of Residence of Respondent's Family OCC Occupation of Respondent SEX Sex of Respondent AGE Age of Respondent BEGIN_AM Time Respondent Began Work [if in Morning] BEGIN_PM Time Respondent Began Work [if in Evening] CEASE_PM Time Respondent Ceased Work [if in Evening] CEASE_AM Time Respondent Ceased Work [if in Morning] LUNCH Time Allowed for Lunch OVERTIME Number of Hours Worked Overtime Past Week APPR Is the Respondent an Apprentice? SCH Length of Time Respondent Has Attended School AGEWK Age At Which Respondent Began Working EARWK Amount Respondent Earns Per Week GIVPAR Amount of Earnings Respondent Gives to Parents OWNSUP Is the Respondent's Labor Necessary To Its Own Support? SCHWK Would Respondent Rather Attend School Than Work? FLIVE Is the Father Living? MLIVE Is the Mother Living? FOCC Occupation of the Father FPOB Birthplace of the Father MPOB Birthplace of the Mother NSICK Number of Attacks of (Respondent) Sickness CHSICK Character of the Illness DURSICK Duration of the Illness READ Can the Respondent Read? WRITE Can the Respondent Write? MATH Can the Respondent Do Math? NSCH Has the Respondent Attended Night School Since Beginning Work? NSCHMO For How Many Months Has the Respondent Attended Night School? PROLANG Is Profane or Abusive Language Used to the Respondent? LANG Is Profane or Abusive Language Used in the Presence of the Respondent? SITSTD Is the Respondent's Work Done Sitting or Standing? HVYLOAD Does the Work Require Moving Heavy Loads? AVWGHT What Is the Average Weight of Such Loads? FINES Is the Respondent Subject to Fines When Employed? Table 2 City of Residence of Respondent's Family [RES] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code City Frequency 1 Bridgeton 52 2 Brotmanville 1 3 Camden 27 4 Cape May Courthouse 21 5 Carmel 1 6 Clayton 13 7 East Millville 1 8 Glassboro 7 9 Gloucester City 10 10 Hoboken 23 11 Jersey City 80 12 Mays Landing 7 13 Medford 3 14 Millville 50 15 Minotola 5 16 New Brusnwick 30 17 North Millville 4 18 Newark 267 19 Newfield 1 20 Passaic 61 21 Paterson 187 22 Quinton 1 23 South Millville 33 24 South Vineland 3 25 Salem 14 26 Swedesboro 1 27 Vineland 21 28 Williamstown 6 29 Woodbury 9 30 Woodbine 4 Total 943 Table 3 Occupation of Respondent [OCC] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Description Frequency 1 Agricultural works 2 2 Badge buttons 1 3 Baker 1 4 Barber 1 5 Barber shop assistant 2 6 Barrel factory taking barrels off slide 1 7 Bicycle shop 1 8 Bill poster 1 9 Blacking factory 3 10 Bleachery 1 11 Bleachery folder 2 12 Blue works 3 13 Book bindery 3 14 Box factory 8 15 Brass polisher 1 16 Brick works 1 17 Brick works kiln work 1 18 Brick works wheeler 3 19 Burnisher of gas fixtures 1 20 Button factory carder 2 21 Button works 15 22 Candle factory 2 23 Candy factory 1 24 Candy factory packer 2 25 Canning factory labeler 1 26 Carpenter shop assistant 1 27 Cash girl in store 1 28 Casket maker 1 29 Celluloid works 9 30 Chain maker for pocket books 2 31 Check boy 1 32 Chemical products 9 33 Child nurse 1 34 Chocolate factory 1 35 Cigar box factory 2 36 Cigar factory 7 37 Cigar factory packer 1 38 Cigar factory stripper 3 39 Cigar maker 1 40 Clerk 1 41 Clerk grocery 4 50 Cloth mill 3 51 Clothing factory 2 52 Clothing machine operator 1 53 Confectioner 2 54 Confectionery packer 1 55 Core maker moulding 1 56 Cork factory 1 57 Corset factory 6 58 Cotton mill 8 59 Cotton mill at loom 1 60 Cotton mill shipping department 1 61 Cotton mill spinner 3 62 Cotton mill spinning frame 1 63 Cotton mill spooler 5 64 Cotton mill tending spooler 2 65 Cotton mill weaver 16 66 Curtain factory loom 2 67 Delivery wagon 1 68 Department store 11 69 Department store cash girl 4 70 Department store delivery wagon 3 71 Department store packing room 1 72 Department store shipping room 1 73 Dress making 2 74 Drug store cash 2 75 Electric works 36 76 Embroidery factory 3 77 Five and ten cent store 1 78 Flax mill 70 79 Flax mill hand puller 1 80 Flax mill oiler 1 81 Flax mill winder 1 82 Flax mill winder 1 83 Flour mill 1 84 Foundry 2 85 Foundry moulder 2 86 Foundry moulders assistant 8 87 Fruit jar factory 2 88 Garment fastener factory 1 89 Garment store 1 90 Gas fixtures burnisher 4 91 Glass blower tube drawing 1 92 Glass works apprentice 5 93 Glass works apprentice blowing 8 94 Glass factory apprentice lamp room 2 95 Glass factory apprentice mould room 1 96 Glass factory apprentice mould shop 1 97 Glass factory bottle washer 1 98 Glass factory car boy 1 100 Glass works carrier in 24 101 Glass factory drawing tubes 1 102 Glass factory finisher lamp room 1 103 Glass works gatherer 12 104 Glass factory labeler 1 105 Glass works shutting mould 2 106 Glass factory packer vials 1 107 Glass factory roller boy 1 109 Glass factory small ware packer 1 110 Glass works snapper 29 111 Glass factory super 1 112 Glass factory vial packer 11 113 Glass works water boy 5 114 Glass jar factory puller off 1 115 Glass works 5 116 Glass works layer off 1 117 Glass works packer 2 120 Glass works stopper grinder 2 121 Glass works super 1 122 Glass works tender 1 125 Handkerchief factory 15 126 Harness trimming 1 127 Hat shop 2 128 Hat trimming 4 129 Horse clippers manufactory 1 130 Hosiery factory 5 131 Ice cream factory driver 3 132 Iron works moulding 1 133 Japanning 1 134 Jewelry chain maker 1 135 Jewelry designer 1 136 Jewelry polisher 4 137 Jute mill 4 138 Knitting mill 4 139 Labeler paster 1 140 Laundry 2 141 Pencil factory 36 142 Leather factory 2 143 Leather factory stripping 1 144 Licorice works packer 4 145 Light hardware 3 146 Locksmith 1 147 Machine shop 1 148 Machinery construction 4 149 Machinist 1 150 Messenger boy 2 151 Millinery 2 152 Morocco factory 1 153 Netting mill 2 154 Novelties 2 155 Office work liquors 4 156 Oil cloth factory 2 157 Oil cloth factory helper 2 158 On ice wagon 1 159 Packing department store 1 160 Paint mill tending grinder 1 161 Paper box factory 7 162 Paper carrier 1 163 Paper factory packer 1 164 Paper factory tending machine 1 165 Paper works 1 166 Peddlers wagon vegetables etc 4 167 Plumbers assistant 1 168 Plumbers helper 3 169 Pocket book factory 1 170 Print works 11 171 Printing department newspaper 1 172 Provision house wrapper 1 173 Ribbon mill filler 1 174 Rivet factory 5 175 Rolling mill 1 176 Rubber works 10 177 Rug factory 3 178 Rug factory machine for trimming 1 179 Rug factory yarn sorter 1 180 Sad iron factory 2 181 Saddlery hardware 4 182 Service place 1 183 Sewing machine factory 2 184 Shirt waist factory packer 3 185 Shoe factory 6 186 Silk mill 99 187 Silk mill truck runner 1 188 Silk mill weaver 1 189 Silversmith 4 190 Soap factory 4 191 Spool factory 1 192 Stationery engine oiler 1 193 Store saleslady 1 194 Sugar house 3 195 Sugar house heading barrels 3 196 Sugar house packing and filling bags 2 197 Tailoress 1 198 Talcum powder factory 4 199 Tannery 3 200 Tea tray manufactory 1 201 Thread works 24 202 Tin can factory 12 203 Tobacco factory 28 204 Tobacco factory cheroots 7 205 Tobacco factory cigarettes 12 206 Trunk factory 3 207 Trunk hardware 6 208 Type writer 1 209 Undergarment factory 5 210 Upholstering 1 211 Watch case 2 212 Wire cable 1 213 Wood turning 1 214 Wood turning 1 215 Wrapper factory packs 7 216 Yarn factory 2 220 Rubber harness trimming 1 Total 943 Table 4 Sex of Respondent [SEX] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency 1 Male 489 2 Female 454 Total 943 Table 5 Age of Respondent [AGE] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Age Frequency 12 years old 5 13 20 14 179 15 280 16 248 17 197 18 13 19 1 Total 943 Table 6 Time Respondent Began Work if in the Morning [BEGIN_AM] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Time or code Frequency -9(No response) 16 3:30 a.m. 1 6:00 26 6:30 5 7:00 841 7:30 5 8:00 38 8:30 11 Total 943 Table 7 Time Respondent Began Work if in the Evening [BEGIN_PM] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Time or code Frequency -9(No response) 928 1:00 p.m. 1 6:00 12 7:00 2 Total 943 Table 8 Time Respondent Ceased Work if in the Evening [CEASE_PM] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Time or code Frequency -9(No response) 15 -8("Irregular") 1 4:00 p.m. 2 5:00 183 5:15 1 5:30 4 6:00 723 7:00 8 8:00 4 9:00 2 Total 943 Table 9 Time Respondent Ceased Work if in the Morning [CEASE_AM] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Time or code Frequency -9(No response) 928 2:00 a.m. 2 2:30 7 3:00 5 7:00 1 Total 943 Table 10 Time Allowed for Lunch [LUNCH] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Hours or code Frequency -9(No response) 5 -8("Irregularly") 1 0.50 hour 20 1.00 916 2.00 1 Total 943 Table 11 Number of Hours Worked Overtime Past Week [OVERTIME] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Hours or code Frequency -9(No response) 873 -8("Saturday late") 5 -7("Sunday 1/2 day") 2 -6("Sunday") 1 -5("seldom") 1 -4("varies") 2 20("3-4 hours") 1 21("4-5 hours") 1 22("5-8 hours") 1 23("6-8 hours") 1 24("6-12 hours") 3 25("8-10 hours") 8 26("8-14 hours") 1 27("8-19 hours") 1 28("10-12 hours") 11 3 hours 2 4 15 5 1 6 1 9 2 10 9 12 1 Total 943 Table 12 Is the Respondent an Apprentice? [APPR] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency 1 No 917 2 Yes 26 Total 943 Table 13 Length of Time Respondent Has Attended School [SCH] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Years or code Frequency -9(No response) 6 -8("None in this Country") 4 -7("Short time in this Country") 8 -6("Less than one year") 1 -5("Several times") 27 -4("Very little/irregularly") 18 0.25 - 1.00 year 21 1.01 - 2.00 29 2.01 - 3.00 81 3.01 - 4.00 159 4.01 - 5.00 85 5.01 - 6.00 64 6.01 - 7.00 301 7.01 - 8.00 139 Total 943 Table 14 Age At Which Respondent Began Working [AGEWK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Age or code Frequency -9(No response) 2 8 years old 1 10 4 11 20 12 216 13 418 14 246 15 33 16 3 Total 943 Table 15 Amount Respondent Earns Per Week [EARWK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1 $1.50 - 3.00 119 3.01 - 4.00 345 4.01 - 5.00 272 5.01 - 6.00 98 6.01 - 7.00 55 7.01 - 8.00 27 8.01 - 9.00 4 9.01 - 10.00 10 10.01 - 15.00 10 15.01 - 17.50 2 Total 943 Table 16 Amount of Earnings Respondent Gives to Parents [GIVPAR] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 14 -8("Married") 1 -7("Part sent to Poland") 2 -6("Nearly all") 2 -5("Pay board") 7 -4("Very little") 1 -3("None") 8 $1.01 - 2.00 5 2.01 - 3.00 120 3.01 - 4.00 370 4.01 - 5.00 285 5.01 - 6.00 76 6.01 - 7.00 33 7.00 - 8.00 13 8.01 - 9.00 3 9.01 - 10.00 2 10.01 - 11.00 1 Total 943 Table 17 Respondent's Labor is Necessary to its Own Support [OWNSUP] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 8 1 No 489 2 Yes 446 Total 943 Table 18 Respondent Would Rather Attend School than Work [SCHWK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 6 1 No 880 2 Yes 56 3 Is in school 1 Total 943 Table 19 Are the Father and Mother Living? A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Frequency Code Response Father Mother [FLIVE] [MLIVE] 1 No 210 57 2 Yes 733 886 Total 943 943 Table 20 Occupation of Respondent's Father [FOCC] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 226 2 Machinist 9 4 Blacksmith 6 6 Clerk 4 8 Glass works 1 9 Trolley conductor 1 11 Salesman 6 13 Laborer 138 15 Blacksmith's helper 1 19 Cigar maker 4 20 Master shearer 1 21 Glass blower 66 22 Mould maker 1 24 Engineer 4 28 Yard hand 7 30 Fish peddler 2 32 Glass worker 4 33 Pot maker 3 35 Farmer 5 38 Plasterer 2 40 Stone cutter 1 42 Stream fitter 1 43 Oil cloth factory 1 46 Breakman 1 51 Cabinet maker 1 54 Plumber 2 58 Carpenter 11 62 Painter 11 63 Watchman 3 65 Oysterman 2 66 Fishermen 4 67 Trucker 4 70 Well driver 1 71 Railroad section boss 1 74 Shearer 3 75 Lehr tender 2 78 Carter 5 79 Hauls wood 1 80 Night watchman 6 81 Motorman 1 83 Van driver 1 85 Loom fixer 2 87 Dyer 1 88 Yard hand 8 89 Loom boss 1 91 Weaver 6 92 Cotton mill 2 93 Employed in mill 1 95 Team driver 6 99 Millwright 1 102 Yard hand in glass works 1 103 Expressman 1 105 Brick maker 2 108 Stone mason 2 110 House painter 1 111 Miller 1 113 Loom boss 1 117 Motorman 1 123 Box maker 1 130 Saddlery hardware 1 131 Sewing machine work 1 132 Trunk factory 3 133 Driver 11 135 Zinc works 1 136 Moving van proprietor 2 137 Locksmith 9 138 Foundry 1 139 Retired 5 140 Not working 3 141 Coachman 3 142 Faucet factory 3 143 Not able to work 1 144 Stevedore 1 145 Does not work 1 146 Lawyer 2 147 Brewery 3 148 Railroad 7 149 Leather worker 3 150 Brewery workman 1 151 Storekeeper 1 152 Varnish factory 2 153 Tinware works 1 154 Paint works 2 155 Insurance agent 8 156 Hatter 1 157 Jeweler 3 158 Button maker 1 160 Truck driver 1 161 Railroad foreman 2 162 Stableman 3 163 Tanner 1 164 Celluloid works 2 165 Steel works 4 166 Moulder 1 167 Boatman 1 168 Faucet maker 2 169 Harness trimmer 2 170 Corset factory 2 171 Japanner 1 172 Malt house 2 173 Clothing cutter 2 174 Die sinker 1 175 Rivet factory 1 176 Milk business 3 177 Fireman 2 178 Grocery clerk 2 179 Sewing machine factory 9 180 Tailor 1 181 Plumber's supplies 1 182 Varnish 2 183 Paper hanger 1 184 Train flagman 1 185 Celluloid factory 3 186 Grocer 2 187 Baker 6 188 Mason 1 189 Store keeper 5 190 Mill hand 2 191 Saloon keeper 3 192 Rubber works 2 193 Gateman at railroad 2 194 Ill not working 2 195 Gardener 11 196 Dye house 7 197 Barber 2 198 Woolen mill 9 199 Shoemaker 4 200 Print works 15 201 Silk mill 5 202 Boiler maker 1 203 Contractor 1 204 Furniture store 1 205 Silk weaver 9 206 Rolling mill 2 207 Laborer on railroad 4 208 Locomotive works 13 209 Mill laborer 1 210 Too feeble to work 1 211 Boarding house 2 212 Butcher 1 213 Silk twister 2 214 Foreman in mill 7 215 Flax mill 1 216 Boiler shop 1 217 Store 1 218 Grocery 2 219 Saloon 1 220 Teamster 2 221 Water works 1 222 Copper smith 1 223 Silk spinner 1 224 Laborer in mill 1 225 Vegetable stand 1 226 Helper-Boiler shop 1 227 Foundry labor 1 228 Moulding foundry 1 229 Clothes cleaner 1 230 Ice wagon 1 231 Spool factory 3 232 Hack driver 1 233 Batch maker 1 234 Fruit grower 1 235 Batch maker 1 236 Clothing maker 1 237 Clothing presser 2 238 Freight handler 5 239 Freight yard 2 240 Fruit stand 1 241 Bartender 1 242 Sugar house 5 243 Cigar machine 1 244 Laborer-sugar house 1 245 Brick yard 4 246 Tobacco factory 1 247 Peddler 3 248 Engineer-sugar house 5 249 Gas house 2 250 Rubber mill 1 251 Railroad-laborer 10 252 Factory hand 1 253 Button factory 1 254 Paper mill 1 255 Fancy Goods 1 256 Jar factory 1 257 Hosiery factory 1 258 Dock hand 4 259 Factory watchman 2 260 Fruit peddler 1 261 Pencil factory 1 280 Paper machine adjuster 1 Total 943 Table 21 Birthplace of the Father and Mother A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Frequency Code Response Father Mother [FPOB] [MPOB] -9 No response 5 4 1 New Jersey 184 193 2 Delaware 3 2 3 Pennsylvania 17 15 4 Indiana 2 1 5 New York 4 2 6 Germany 115 110 7 Russia 4 4 8 Rhode Island 4 5 9 Massachusetts 2 2 10 Connecticut 3 2 11 Ohio 1 1 12 Ireland 146 141 13 Virginia 1 1 14 Maryland 1 1 15 Italy 63 63 16 England 53 49 17 United States 197 209 18 Scotland 13 14 19 Nova Scotia 2 2 20 Poland 53 53 21 Hungary 25 25 22 Sweden 2 1 23 France 7 7 24 Austria 11 11 25 Holland 24 24 26 Switzerland 1 1 Total 943 943 Table 22 Number of Attacks of (Respondent) Sickness [NSICK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Number or code Frequency -9(No response) 805 1 attack 67 2 21 3 41 4 9 Total 943 Table 23 Character of the Illness Reported by Child Respondents [CHSICK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 779 1 Neuralgia 1 2 Pneumonia 6 3 Chest trouble 3 4 Carbuncles 3 5 Internal trouble 6 6 Typhoid fever 6 7 Kidney trouble 6 8 Inflammatory rheumatism 1 9 Sick headache 4 10 Chicken pox 3 11 Severe cold 1 12 Accident-burned 6 13 Quinsy 3 14 Weak chest 4 15 Measles 7 16 Catarrh of stomach and liver 1 17 Kidney and bladder trouble 2 19 Biliousness headaches 1 20 Biliousness 4 21 Retinal disease 2 22 Sore throat and mumps 1 23 Bladder trouble 2 24 Cramps rheumatism 3 25 Small pox 11 26 Jammed by wagon 1 27 Tonsillitis 4 28 La grippe 1 29 Lung trouble 2 30 Measles and Quinsy 1 31 Throat trouble 1 33 Stomach troubles 2 34 Lung trouble 1 36 Pleurisy and bilious fever 1 37 Mumps 2 38 Bilious fever 2 39 Scarlet fever 9 40 Bilious attack 1 41 Accident-leg broken 1 42 Abscesses 5 43 Cramps and stomach trouble 1 44 Diphtheria 2 45 Chest trouble 1 46 Liver and stomach disorders 1 47 Rheumatism 7 48 Nervousness 1 49 Pleurisy and tonsillitis 1 50 Accident 2 51 Ill by paint 1 52 Chicken pox and scarlet fever 1 53 Scarlet fever and measles 1 54 Constipation 1 55 Stomach disorder 2 57 Cramps 1 58 Pleurisy 1 59 General weaknesses 1 60 Dysentery and gathered hand 1 61 Dysentery 1 62 Headaches 2 63 Malarial fever 1 64 Chicken pox & inflammatory rheumatism 1 65 Hemorrhages 1 66 Felon 1 67 Cramp colic 1 68 Abscess 1 69 Bladder infection 1 70 Bowel trouble 1 71 Abscess in throat 1 72 Boils 1 73 Mumps and chicken pox 1 75 Pneumonia and pleurisy 1 76 Mumps and measles 1 77 Scarlet fever, measles and mumps 1 Total 943 Table 24 Duration of the Illness [DURSICK] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Days or code Frequency -9(No response) 786 -8("Several months") 1 -7("Several days") 21 -6("Several weeks") 11 1 - 10 days 26 11 - 20 18 21 - 30 22 31 - 40 21 41 - 50 13 51 - 168 24 Total 943 Table 25 Can the Respondent Read, Write and Do Math? A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Frequency Code Response Read Write Do math [READ] [WRITE] [MATH] -9 No response 1 9 8 1 No 1 5 7 2 Yes 893 797 738 3 Imperfectly 41 132 190 4 No English education 7 0 0 Total 943 943 943 Table 26 Has the Respondent Attended Night School Since Beginning Work? [NSCH] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 9 1 No 581 2 Yes 350 3 Irregularly 3 Total 943 Table 27 For How Many Months Has the Respondent Attended Night School? [NSCHMO] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Months or code Frequency -9(No response) 603 1 month 1 2 4 3 85 4 3 6 105 9 100 12 31 15 6 18 3 21 2 Total 943 Table 28 Is Profane or Abusive Language Used? A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Frequency Code Response To the child In the presence of child [PROLANG] [LANG] 1 No 943 838 2 Yes 0 105 Total 943 943 Table 29 How is the Respondent's Work Done? [SITSTD] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 3 1 Sitting 267 2 Standing 315 3 Both 356 4 Stooping 2 Total 943 Table 30 Does the Work Require Moving Heavy Loads? [HVYLOAD] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Response Frequency 1 No 933 2 Yes 10 Total 943 Table 31 Average Weight of the Heavy Loads [AVWGHT] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Weight or code Frequency -9(No response) 934 -8("25 to 100 lbs") 1 40.00 pounds 1 45.00 2 50.00 1 55.00 3 65.00 2 Total 943 Table 32 Is the Respondent Subject to Fines When Employed? [FINES] A Survey of 943 Child Laborers in New Jersey, 1903 Code Description Frequency -9 No response 1 1 No 941 2 Yes 1 Total 943