CODEBOOK AND USER'S MANUAL: A SURVEY OF 4,918 MALE WORKERS IN THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT AND IRON INDUSTRIES IN MICHIGAN OUTSIDE OF DETROIT, 1890 REPORTED IN THE EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MICHIGAN BUREAU OF LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS Version 1.1 June 2, 1993 Susan B. Carter Roger L. Ransom Richard Sutch Hongcheng Zhao Historical Labor Statistics Project Institute of Business and Economic Research University of California Berkeley, California 94720 This codebook is a preliminary draft. The data described here and accompanying this version of the codebook is still in a preliminary format and may contain errors. Those wishing to use this data for research purposes should check with the authors for an update. Neither the collectors of the data or those sponsoring the data collection wish to bear responsibility for the use to which others may make of this data. The financial support of the National Science Foundation, the All-UC Group in Economic History, and of the Institute of Business and Economic Research and the Laboratory for Historical Research, both of the University of California, is appreciated. For further description of the Historical Labor Statistics Project, discussion of the social, economic, and political context in which the data were collected, and an assessment of data quality, see Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "The Historical Labor Statistics Project at the University of California," Historical Methods 24 (2) (Spring 1991): 52-65 and Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "Doing the Wright Thing: Carroll Wright and the State Labor Statistics Movement." Paper Presented at the Conference on Historical Labor Statistics, Lawrence, Kansas, June 1991. Suggested Citation: Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Richard Sutch, and Hongcheng Zhao. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 4,918 Male Workers in the Agricultural Implement and Iron Industries in Michigan Outside of Detroit, 1890; Reported in the Eighth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics. Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research, 1993. A SURVEY OF 4,918 NON-DETROIT IRONWORKERS, 1890 This Codebook reports on a survey of 4,918 workmen engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements and employed in iron working establishments outside of Detroit. A companion Codebook [1] reports the responses to the same survey of 3,920 workmen in these same industries living in Detroit. The survey was conducted by the State's Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics in 1890 [2]. It was the third of eight surveys aiming, in so far as possible, to contact the entire population of Michiganites working in a single industry. The Report explains: Twenty-five towns and cities were visited, and as many of the employ‚s engaged in the above industries as could be seen, were canvassed. The result of the work does not show all of the workmen so employed, as under the most favorable circumstances it would be impossible to obtain every employ‚. [3] The survey was conducted by the Bureau's staff. The Report boasted of value of this method and argued that it resulted in the collection of highly reliable information: The information embodied in this report was obtained, not by the blank system nor by special canvassers, but by the regular office employ‚s of this bureau, who, in person, visited all of the shops and factories enumerated and secured directly from each workman the facts desired. This involved the asking of about fifty questions of each employ‚ canvassed. The work has been done in the most thorough and systematic manner. When necessary each question was fully explained to the men, so that an honest and intelligent reply might be given. [4] The Report also commented on the favorable reception given to its agents by the workers and employers it canvassed. The workmen are beginning to understand the objects of the bureau, and, with but few exceptions, have willingly answered all questions asked, and frequently expressed a desire to aid in the work. The employers, too, have extended every courtesy to our canvassers, and the opposition formerly encountered through ignorance of the real purposes of the bureau has been overcome. [5] The Bureau then published a few summary statistics along with the responses of individual workmen to the questions asked. The Historical Labor Statistics Project has transformed these data into machine-readable form using the procedures and codes outlined in this Codebook. Table 1 lists the questions asked in the survey and the variable names assigned to each response. Tables 2 through 26 present descriptive statistics on the values and distributions of responses to the questions asked including, where necessary, the numeric codes used in entering the data into the computer. Since version 1.0, some of the variable codes and variable names have been changed. Users are reminded to be aware of these changes. The data from this sample of 4,918 non-Detroit ironworkers in 1890 has been archived at the Laboratory for Historical Research at the University of California, Riverside. For additional information regarding the availability of these data please contact: Professor Roger Ransom Department of History University of California Riverside, CA 92521 FAX [909] 787-5299 NOTES [1] Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Richard Sutch and Hongcheng Zhao, Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of Agricultural Implements and Iron Workers in Detroit, Michigan, 1890: Reported in the Eighth Annual Report of the Michigan Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Business and Economic Research, 1993. [2] Michigan Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics, Eighth Annual Report 1890. Lansing: Robert Simt & Co., State Printers and Binders, 1891. [3] Ibid., xi. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. Table 1 Questions Asked of Respondents, A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Name Description PAGE Page on Which Worker's Survey Results Begin ID Case Number RES Where the Individual Reports of the Employes were Canvassed FIRM Name of Employer's Firm OCC Present Occupation AGE Age POB Place of Birth PPOB Parents' Place of Birth MS Marriage Status KIDS Number of Children in Family KDEP Number of Children Supported SCH Number of People Attending School ODEP Number of People Supported besides Wife and Children DEP Total Number of People Supported WEEKS Number of Weeks Worked WLOST Number of Weeks Lost WHY Cause for Loss of Time WAGEWK Weekly Wages TOTEAR Annual Earnings OTHINC Income from Other Sources TOTINC Total Annual Income TOTEXP Annual Family Expenses HMVALUE If Owing Home, its Value HMDEBT If in Debt on Home, What is the Amount HMPAID Amount Paid on Home During the Year SAVINGS Amount Saved aside from Payments on Home RENT If Renting, Monthly Rental BOARD If Boarding, Cost per Week, including Room INSLIFE Amount of Life Insurance BENESOC Number of Benefit Societies BENEFIT Weekly Benefit in case of Sickness or Accident YRSUS If Foreign Born, Number of Years in United States STAKE If Foreign Born, Amount of Money on Arrival in United States WORTH Present Worth Table 2 Where the Individual Reports of the Employes were Canvassed [RES] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Code Response Frequency 2 Battle Creek 793 3 Grand Rapids 776 4 Kalamazoo 615 5 Lansing 538 6 Bay City 370 7 Jackson 321 8 Albion 197 9 Coldwater 179 10 Dowagiac 178 11 Muskegon 143 12 Three Rivers 139 13 Ann Arbor 91 14 Plymouth 88 15 Adrian 75 16 Saginaw 64 17 Montague 60 18 Grand Haven 47 19 Quincy 45 20 Howell 43 21 Tecumseh 38 22 Ferrysburg 35 23 Marshall 31 24 Jonesville 26 25 Buchanan 26 Total 4,918 Table 3 Name of Employer's Firm [FIRM] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Code Response Frequency 71 Advance Thresher Co. 245 72 Nichols & Shepard Co. 278 73 Union School Furniture Co. 87 74 The michigan Foundry Co. 71 75 Battle Creek Machinery Co. 53 76 John Brennan & Co. 42 77 Union Manufacturing Co. 13 78 E. Clapp 4 79 Wm. Harrison 124 80 Perkins & Co. 101 81 Grand Rapids Brass Co. 95 82 Adolph Leitelt,Valley City Iron Works 91 83 Buss Machine Works 64 84 Wm. T. Powers & Son 41 85 The Belknap Wagon and Sleigh Co. 35 86 Butterworth & Lows 36 87 Grand Rapids Mfg. and Implement Co. 25 88 Grand Rapids Wheelbarrow Co. 27 89 The Fox Machines Co. 24 90 Henry J. Hartman 15 91 F. Hartman & Co. 10 92 The Colby Wagon Co. 15 93 E. A. Munson 13 94 Rempis & Gallmeyer 9 95 Brobst & Himes 12 96 C.D. & A.D. Porter 15 97 Simonds Shingle Machinery Co. 8 98 West Side Iron Works 7 99 Alex Dodds 9 100 Kalamazoo Wheel Co. 162 101 Kalamazoo Wagon Co. 45 102 St. John Plow Co. 35 103 Fuller Bros. Mfg. Co. 39 104 Fuller Bros. R.R. Velocipede and Car Co. 33 105 Wm. E. Hill & Co. 21 106 Peninsula Carriage Co. 21 107 Thos. Clarage & Son 19 108 D.C. & H.C. Reed & Co. 23 109 The Phelps & Bigelow Windwill Co. 22 110 Kalamazoo Carriage Works 4 111 L. Cahill & Co. 13 112 Newton Carriage Co. 15 113 Harrow Spring Co. 20 114 Kalamazoo Foundry & Machine Co. 14 115 Page Mfg. Co. 20 116 L.C. Lull & Co. 12 117 The Lawrence & Chapin Co. 7 118 Geo. Clark 16 119 Smith & Pomeroy 12 120 C.H. Dutton & Co. 13 121 Strait & Packard 8 122 Godfrey J. Bremer 8 123 Williams Manufacturing Co. 11 124 L.C. & H.L. Pratt & Co. 10 125 Eames Pulley Co. 13 126 E. Bement & Sons 214 127 Lansing Iron & Engine Works 65 128 Lansing Wheel Co. 58 129 Lansing Wagon Works 46 130 Lansing Wheelbarrow Co. 46 131 Capitol Wagon Co. 43 132 Anderson Road Cart Co. 15 133 Bush Road Co. 5 134 Cady, Way & Co. 4 135 P. F. Olds & Son 8 136 Industrial Works 133 137 McKinnon Manufacturing, Co. 52 138 Smalley Bros. & Co. 41 139 Bay City Buggy Works 35 140 Bay City Iron Co. 33 141 M. Garland 28 142 Marine Iron Co. 14 143 Daunt & Sharp 16 144 National Boiler Works 18 145 Geo. T. Smith Middlings Purifier Co. 197 146 Collins Manufacturing Co. 66 147 The Knickerbocker Co. 23 148 John Hutchinson Mfg. Co. 18 149 F.L. Elms & Co. 17 150 The Gale Manufacturing Co. 111 151 Albion Mal. Iron Co. 49 152 Albion Manufacturing Co. 28 153 Union Wind Mill and Mfg. Co. 8 154 Coldwater Road Cart Co. 108 157 C. W. Johnson 29 158 P. D. Beckwith 123 159 Dowagiac Manufacturing Co. 55 160 Rogers Iron Mfg. Co. 55 161 Johnston Bros. & Co. 34 162 Davies' Iron Works 28 163 Lakeside Iron Co. 25 164 Sheffield Velocipede Car Co. 106 165 Roberts, Throp & Co. 18 166 Aspinwall Manufacturing Co. 15 167 Ann Arbor Ag'l Co. 51 168 A. P. Ferguson 16 169 Walker & Co. 12 170 Hunter & Turnbull 7 171 F. Wagner & Co. 6 172 Markham Air Rifle Co. 51 173 Charles Brems 6 174 L. H. Bennett 6 175 Plymouth Iron Wind Mill Co. 11 176 Plymouth Air Rifle Co. 15 177 Adrian Brick & Tile Machinery Co. 22 178 Page Woven Wire Fence Co. 34 179 Kells & Sons 9 180 Charles W. Rose 10 181 McClellan File Co. 28 182 Michigan Saw Co. 9 183 Morley Bros. 10 184 Louis Kreis 9 185 Koehler Bros. 8 186 Montague Iron Works 59 187 Henry Bloecker & Co. 31 188 Dake Engine Mf'g. Co. 16 189 S. D. Kimbark 45 190 Howell Manufacturing Co. 24 191 W. Smith 7 192 J. M. Clark & Co. 12 193 H. Brewer & Co. 32 194 J. R. Hailet 6 195 Johnston Bros. 35 196 Page Bros. 30 197 Chas. Allen 7 198 J. J. Deal Johesville 20 199 Rough Bros.' Wagon Works 21 200 Industrial Manufacturing Co. 5 201 Clark & Co. 34 202 Calkins & Co. 37 203 J. B. Hellenberg 5 Total 4,918 Table 4 Present Occupation [OCC] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Code Response Frequency 1 Assistant superintendent 2 2 Assistant foreman 1 3 Belt maker 1 4 Blacksmith helper 14 5 Blacksmith 339 6 Bobbin maker 1 7 Boiler fitter 13 8 Boiler helper 1 9 Boiler maker 139 10 Bolt header 1 11 Book keeper 24 12 Box maker 1 13 Brass finisher 2 14 Brass turner 3 15 Buffer 12 16 Cabinet maker 22 17 Car builder 1 18 Carpenter 28 19 Carriage trimmer 19 20 Cart trimmer 2 21 Carver 3 22 Cleaner 1 23 Clerk 4 24 Contractor 1 25 Cooper 41 26 Core maker 37 27 Carpenter and joiner 1 28 Crater 5 30 Cupola tender 11 31 Civil engineer 1 32 Draftsman and machinist 1 33 Draftsman 7 34 Dresser 2 35 Draughtsman 1 36 Driller 13 37 Electro plater 1 38 Elevator hand 2 39 Engineer and machinist 1 40 Engine tester 1 41 Engineer 73 42 Facer 1 43 File maker 1 44 Filer 14 45 Finisher 35 46 Fireman 16 47 Fitting plows 6 48 Fitting plungers 1 49 Fitter 1 50 Foreman 56 51 Forger 3 52 Furnace tender 2 53 Galvanizer 4 54 Grinder 36 56 Hub selector 1 57 Heading matcher 1 58 Heading dresser 1 59 Heading filler 1 60 Helper 157 61 Hub borer 1 62 Hub champer 1 63 Hub compressor 1 64 Hub driller 1 65 Hub marker 1 66 Hub mortiser 4 67 Hub presser 1 68 Hub sorter 2 70 Hub turner 6 71 Inventor 1 72 Iron worker 74 73 Jib-man 1 74 Laborer 445 75 Lumber inspector 1 76 Lumber scaler 1 77 Machine hand 86 78 Machinist and draftsman 2 79 Machinist and engineer 1 80 Machinist 909 81 Manager 1 82 Matcher 2 83 Melter 2 84 Millwright 2 85 Model and pattern maker 1 86 Mold helper 2 87 Mold maker 1 88 Molder 533 89 Mounter 9 90 Metal polisher 4 91 Nickle plater 2 92 Night watch 2 93 Office boy 1 94 Oxidizer 3 95 Packer 5 96 Painter 348 97 Pattern filer 2 98 Pattern maker 75 99 Picker 1 100 Pipe cutter 1 101 Pipe fitter 4 102 Planer 4 103 Plow jointer 1 104 Polisher 49 105 Putting up guns 8 106 Putting on hinges 1 107 Puttier 3 108 Rattler 3 109 Receiving clerk 2 110 Rim borer 2 111 Rim sawy 1 112 Rim sorter 2 113 Rimmer 4 114 Rivet boy 12 115 Riveter 4 116 Rim finisher 1 117 Rim planer 1 118 Salesman 2 119 Saw grinder 1 120 Saw maker 6 121 Sawyer 12 122 Seive maker 4 123 Sighting guns 1 124 Shipping clerk 26 125 Solderer 2 126 Sorting barrels 1 127 Spoke driver 9 128 Spoke selector 1 130 Spoke strengthener 1 132 Spoke polisher 6 133 Spoke sawyer 4 134 Spoke setter 1 135 Spoke sizer 3 136 Spoke sorter 4 137 Spoke wedger 3 138 Spooler 1 139 Spring maker 4 140 Spring tester 1 141 Steel worker 18 142 Stave cutter 1 143 Steamer 2 144 Stenciler 1 145 Stenographer 7 146 Stove mounter 13 147 Store keeper 1 149 Superintendent 6 150 Teamster 37 151 Tester 1 152 Thread cutter 1 153 Time keeper 1 154 Tinner 14 155 Tinsmith 1 156 Tire setter 1 157 Teamster and team 6 158 Trimmer 28 159 Tube fitter 1 160 Turner 5 161 Type writer 1 162 Varnisher 1 163 Wood bender 3 164 Wagon maker 2 165 Wheel grinder 1 166 Wheel cleaner 2 167 Wheel dresser 1 168 Wheel filer 1 169 Wheel finisher 9 170 Wheel inspector 4 171 Wheel maker 1 172 Wheel marker 5 173 Wheel planer 4 174 Wheel polisher 5 175 Wheel rimmer 6 176 Wheel rounder 2 177 Wheel riveter 2 178 Wheel wright 1 179 Wire barrels 1 180 Wire bender 1 181 Wire cutter 1 182 Wire grinder 2 183 Wire waver 14 184 Wood worker 794 185 Wrapper 1 186 Yard man 3 187 Zinc crimper 2 188 Molder foreman 1 189 Foreman of paint shop 1 Total 4,918 Table 5 Age [AGE] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Age Frequency 11 - 15 years old 106 16 - 20 761 21 - 25 920 26 - 30 847 31 - 35 687 36 - 40 530 41 - 45 415 46 - 50 290 51 - 55 175 56 - 60 97 61 - 65 55 66 - 70 23 71 - 75 11 76 - 82 1 Total 4,918 Table 6 Place of Birth of Respondents and Their Parents A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Frequency Code Response Respondents Respondent's Parent [POB] [PPOB] -9 No response 1 7 1 Austria 13 15 2 Bohemia 2 2 3 Canada 295 236 4 Cuba 1 0 5 Denmark 7 7 6 England 122 290 7 Finland 2 2 8 France 3 21 9 Germany 609 642 10 Holland 200 633 11 Ireland 95 349 12 Italy 1 2 13 Mexico 1 1 14 North Scotland 3 3 15 New Zealand 1 1 16 Norway 4 7 17 Ocean 2 0 18 Poland 16 18 19 Prussia 2 4 20 Russia 10 11 21 Scotland 57 115 22 Sweden 48 56 23 Switzerland 21 25 24 United States 3,402 2,470 25 Wales 0 1 Total 4,918 4,918 Table 7 Marriage Status [MS] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 3 1 Single 1,780 2 Married 2,997 3 Widowed 138 Total 4,918 Table 8 Number of Children in Family and in School A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Frequency Number In family In school or code [KIDS] [SCH] -9(No response) 2,457 3,460 1 child 774 608 2 662 469 3 415 264 4 287 91 5 168 23 6 81 2 7 40 1 8 23 0 9 3 0 10 7 0 11 1 0 Total 4,918 4,918 Table 9 Number of People Supported A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Frequency Number Children Others Total or code [KDEP] [ODEP] [DEP] -9(No response) 2,548 4,458 1,675 1 person 825 348 735 2 688 96 869 3 430 10 727 4 238 4 451 5 101 2 260 6 52 0 107 7 22 0 54 8 11 0 23 9 3 0 14 10 0 0 3 Total 4,918 4,918 4,918 Table 10 Number of Weeks Worked and Lost A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Frequency Weeks Weeks worked Weeks lost or code [WEEKS] [WLOST] -9(No response) 2 1,154 1 - 5 weeks 6 2,110 6 - 10 10 812 11 - 15 18 406 16 - 20 26 186 21 - 25 44 56 26 - 30 154 148 31 - 35 207 20 36 - 40 404 15 41 - 45 563 7 46 - 50 2,067 4 51 - 55 1,416 0 56 - 60 1 0 Total 4,918 4,918 Table 11 Cause for Loss of Time [WHY] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 1,111 2 Accident/sick/laid off 1 3 Accident/holidays 2 4 Accident/laid off 41 5 Accident/no work 10 6 Accident/other business 1 7 Accident/sick 13 8 Accident/sick/holidays 1 9 Accident/vacation 3 10 Accident 29 11 At home 3 12 Away 7 13 Away/sick 1 14 Broken leg 1 15 Burnt 2 16 Business/sick 1 17 Going to college 1 18 Crippled 1 19 Death 2 20 Death/sick 3 21 Drunk 2 22 Wife sick 2 23 Farm work 6 mo./holidays 1 24 Worked on farm 2 25 First work in U.S. 40 26 First work/accident 1 27 First work in U.S./laid off 2 28 Short hours/first work 2 29 Holidays/other business 1 30 Holidays/laid off 68 31 Holidays/no work 2 32 Holidays/sick 54 33 Holidays/vacation 4 34 Holidays 146 36 Laid off/injured 1 37 Lost a finger 1 38 Laid off 847 39 Lame 1 40 Laid off/other business 1 41 Business for self/laid off 1 43 Laid off/vacation/sick 1 44 Got married 2 45 Not in U.S. 3 46 No work 617 47 No work/laid off 20 49 No work/at school 4 50 No work/sick 26 51 No work/short hours 83 52 No work/vacation 7 54 Other business 8 56 Out town 2 57 Just changed from personal business 2 58 Rest 21 59 Rest/sick 1 60 Sore finger 1 61 Sick/no work/short hours 2 62 At school/laid off 3 63 At school 34 64 Sick/laid off 391 65 Sick/at other work 1 66 Sick/visiting 1 67 Shut down/vacation 2 68 In business for self 5 69 Short hours/laid off 4 70 Short hours/sick/no work 6 71 Short time 1 72 Shop closed 2 73 Short hours/shut down 19 74 Short hours/laid off vol'y 1 75 Short hours/shut down 17 76 Short hours/sick 14 77 Short hours/vacation 3 78 Short hours 72 79 Shut down 19 80 Sick/work for self 1 81 Sick 787 82 Sickness in family 23 83 Sick/vacation 14 84 Sick/holidays/laid off 1 85 Sick/injured/laid off 1 87 Sick/vacation/laid off 1 88 Slack work 22 89 Strike/no work 1 90 Vacation/laid off 82 91 Vacation 173 92 Visiting 1 93 Voluntarily 1 94 Worked for father 1 95 Work on patent 1 96 Short hours/burned 1 97 Short hours/accident 1 Total 4,918 Table 12 Weekly Wages [WAGEWK] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Wages or code Frequency -9(No response) 1 $2.00 - 4.00 201 4.01 - 6.00 454 6.01 - 8.00 982 8.01 - 10.00 1,089 10.01 - 12.00 1,054 12.01 - 14.00 457 14.01 - 16.00 467 16.01 - 18.00 144 18.01 - 20.00 34 20.01 - 22.00 14 22.01 - 24.00 13 24.01 - 26.00 2 26.01 - 36.00 6 Total 4,918 Table 13 Income A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Frequency Value Annual Other Total or code Earnings Income Income [TOTEAR] [OTHINC] [TOTINC] -9(No response) 0 4,239 0 $4.00 - 100.00 52 348 50 100.01 - 200.00 318 213 292 200.01 - 300.00 553 67 530 300.01 - 400.00 1,043 22 952 400.01 - 500.00 988 13 954 500.01 - 600.00 765 4 801 600.01 - 700.00 477 4 506 700.01 - 800.00 524 2 524 800.01 - 900.00 87 1 127 900.01 - 1,000.00 71 2 87 1,000.01 - 1,100.00 18 0 40 1,100.01 - 1,200.00 14 1 25 1,200.01 - 3,930.00 8 2 30 Total 4,918 4,918 4,918 Table 14 Annual Family Expenses [TOTEXP] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 1,800 $120.00 - 200.00 43 200.01 - 300.00 379 300.01 - 400.00 764 400.01 - 500.00 734 500.01 - 600.00 578 600.01 - 700.00 446 700.01 - 800.00 123 800.01 - 900.00 32 900.01 - 1,000.00 11 1,000.01 - 2,200.00 8 Total 4,918 Table 15 If Owing Home, Its Value [HMVALUE] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,340 $50.00 - 200.00 12 200.01 - 400.00 44 400.01 - 600.00 169 600.01 - 800.00 333 800.01 - 1,000.00 351 1,000.01 - 1,200.00 177 1,200.01 - 1,400.00 62 1,400.01 - 1,600.00 173 1,600.01 - 1,800.00 57 1,800.01 - 2,000.00 90 2,000.01 - 7,000.00 110 Total 4,918 Table 16 If in Debt on Home, its Amount [HMDEBT] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 4,056 $20.00 - 100.00 78 100.01 - 200.00 184 200.01 - 300.00 167 300.01 - 400.00 119 400.01 - 500.00 112 500.01 - 600.00 92 600.01 - 700.00 39 700.01 - 800.00 36 800.01 - 900.00 16 900.01 - 1,000.00 13 1,000.01 - 3,000.00 26 Total 4,918 Table 17 Amount Paid on Home During the Year [HMPAID] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,869 $4.00 - 25.00 113 25.01 - 50.00 175 50.01 - 75.00 113 75.01 - 100.00 221 100.01 - 125.00 71 125.01 - 150.00 129 150.01 - 175.00 36 175.01 - 200.00 93 200.01 - 225.00 9 225.01 - 250.00 30 250.01 - 275.00 4 275.01 - 300.00 34 300.01 - 1,600.00 21 Total 4,918 Table 18 Amount Saved aside from Payments on Home [SAVINGS] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 2,906 -8(Lives at home and gives wages to parents) 295 -6(Lives at home and supports family) 1 $2.00 - 25.00 132 25.01 - 50.00 344 50.01 - 75.00 201 75.01 - 100.00 367 100.01 - 125.00 69 125.01 - 150.00 150 150.01 - 175.00 41 175.01 - 200.00 184 200.01 - 225.00 11 225.01 - 250.00 45 250.01 - 275.00 8 275.01 - 300.00 94 300.01 - 1,000.00 70 Total 4,918 Table 19 If Renting, Monthly Rental [RENT] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Rent or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,380 -6(Lives at home and supports family) 19 -5(Free) 38 $2.00 4 3.00 24 4.00 87 5.00 204 6.00 309 7.00 222 8.00 301 9.00 108 10.00 149 11.00 14 12.00 30 13.00 17 14.00 2 15.00 5 17.00 2 20.00 2 21.00 1 Total 4,918 Table 20 If Boarding, Cost per Week, including Room [BOARD] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,140 -8(Lives at home and gives wages to parents) 297 -7(Lives at home and pays no stated amount for board) 79 -6(Lives at home and supports family) 22 -5(Free) 33 $1.00 5 2.00 66 3.00 396 4.00 749 5.00 94 6.00 18 7.00 10 8.00 7 9.00 1 15.00 1 Total 4,918 Table 21 Amount of Life Insurance [INSLIFE] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,658 $25.00 - 500.00 300 500.01 - 1,000.00 287 1,000.01 - 1,500.00 50 1,500.01 - 2,000.00 407 2,000.01 - 2,500.00 83 2,500.01 - 3,000.00 78 3,000.01 - 3,500.00 18 3,500.01 - 4,000.00 11 4,000.01 - 7,500.00 26 Total 4,918 Table 22 Number of Benefit Societies [BENESOC] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Number or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,796 1 977 2 139 3 6 Total 4,918 Table 23 Weekly Benefit in case of Sickness or Accident [BENEFIT] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,793 $1.00 2 2.00 23 3.00 50 4.00 90 5.00 309 6.00 289 7.00 176 8.00 8 9.00 28 10.00 75 11.00 27 12.00 2 13.00 10 14.00 1 15.00 15 16.00 3 18.00 2 19.00 3 20.00 3 21.00 1 22.00 1 25.00 5 70.00 1 Total 4,918 Table 24 If Foreign Born, Number of Years in United States [YRSUS] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Years or code Frequency -9(No response) 3,491 0 - 5 years 229 6 - 10 398 11 - 15 194 16 - 20 272 21 - 25 150 26 - 30 52 31 - 35 59 36 - 40 48 41 - 45 16 46 - 59 9 Total 4,918 Note: Here '0' represents less than one year. The decimals missed from the data file. Table 25 If Foreign Born, Amount of Money on Arrival in United States [STAKE] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 4,433 $2.00 - 25.00 104 25.01 - 50.00 129 50.01 - 75.00 49 75.01 - 100.00 72 100.01 - 125.00 18 125.01 - 150.00 24 150.01 - 175.00 2 175.01 - 200.00 34 200.01 - 225.00 0 225.01 - 250.00 4 250.01 - 275.00 0 275.01 - 300.00 15 300.01 - 9,000.00 34 Total 4,918 Table 26 Present Worth [WORTH] A Survey of 4,918 Non-Detroit Ironworkers, 1890 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 683 $10.00 - 500.00 2,099 500.01 - 1,000.00 935 1,000.01 - 1,500.00 429 1,500.01 - 2,000.00 329 2,000.01 - 2,500.00 144 2,500.01 - 3,000.00 137 3,000.01 - 3,500.00 41 3,500.01 - 4,000.00 35 4,000.01 - 4,500.00 9 4,500.01 - 5,000.00 25 5,000.01 - 15,000.00 25 Total 4,918