CODEBOOK AND USER'S MANUAL: A SURVEY OF 539 MALE WAGE-EARNERS IN KANSAS, 1896 REPORTED IN THE TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE KANSAS BUREAU OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY Version 1.1 May 7, 1993 Susan B. Carter Roger L. Ransom Richard Sutch Hongcheng Zhao Historical Labor Statistics Project Institute of Business and Economic Research University of California Berkeley, California 94720 This codebook is a preliminary draft. The data described here and accompanying this version of the codebook is still in a preliminary format and may contain errors. Those wishing to use this data for research purposes should check with the authors for an update. Neither the collectors of the data or those sponsoring the data collection wish to bear responsibility for the use to which others may make of this data. The financial support of the National Science Foundation, the All-UC Group in Economic History, and of the Institute of Business and Economic Research and the Laboratory for Historical Research, both of the University of California, is appreciated. For further description of the Historical Labor Statistics Project, discussion of the social, economic, and political context in which the data were collected, and an assessment of data quality, see Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "The Historical Labor Statistics Project at the University of California," Historical Methods 24 (2) (Spring 1991): 52-65 and Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, and Richard Sutch, "Doing the Wright Thing: Carroll Wright and the State Labor Statistics Movement." Paper Presented at the Conference on Historical Labor Statistics, Lawrence, Kansas, June 1991. Suggested Citation: Susan B. Carter, Roger L. Ransom, Richard Sutch, and Hongcheng Zhao. Codebook and User's Manual: A Survey of 539 Wage- Earners in Kansas, 1896; Reported in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry. Berkeley: Institute of Business and Economic Research, 1993. A SURVEY OF 539 MALE WAGE-EARNERS IN KANSAS, 1896 This survey of 539 male wage-earners in Kansas was conducted by the State's Bureau of Labor and Industry in 1896 and published in its Twelfth Annual Report. [1] Nothing was said about the specific motivation for, or conduct of, the survey except that the tabulation was even more complete and the returns larger than a similar survey conducted by the Bureau in the previous year. [2] The previous survey was mailed to a large number of labor organizations and independent wage-earners across the state. Its stated goal was that "every class of working men, except employees in railway train service, should be given the opportunity of replying, setting forth their condition, and expressing their views on current questions affecting their own welfare." [3] After this very brief introduction, the replies of individual male wage- earners to the questions asked were published with no further comment. The Historical Labor Statistics Project has transformed these data into machine-readable form using the procedures and codes outlined in this Codebook. Table 1 lists the questions asked in the survey and the variable names assigned to each response. Tables 2 through 37 present descriptive statistics on the values and distributions of responses to the questions asked including, where necessary, the numeric codes used in entering the data into the computer. Since version 1.0, some of the variable codes and variable names have been changed. Users are reminded to be aware of these changes. The data from this sample of 539 wage-earners in Kansas in 1896 has been archived at the Laboratory for Historical Research at the University of California, Riverside. For additional information regarding the availability of these data please contact: Professor Roger Ransom Department of History University of California Riverside, CA 92521 FAX [909] 787-5299 NOTES [1] Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, Twelfth Annual Report 1896. Topeka: The Kansas State Printing Company: J. K. Hudson, State Printer, 1896. [2] Kansas Bureau of Labor and Industry, Eleventh Annual Report 1895. Topeka: The Kansas State Printing Company: J. K. Hudson, State Printer, 1896. [3] Ibid., p. 96. Table 1 Questions Asked of Respondents, A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Name Description PAGE Page on Which Worker's Survey Results Begin ID Office Number OCC Present Occupation RES County POB Place of Birth FPOB Father's Place of Birth MPOB Mother's Place of Birth AGE Age TRADE Have You Trade or Profession? NTRADE Name of Trade or Profession YRSOCC Years Employed in Present Occupation HOURS Number of Hours Per Day's Work EARDAY Earnings Per Day EARWK Earnings Per Week EARMO Earnings Per Month EARYR Earnings Per Year OTHINC Income from all Other Sources Per Year DLOSTSIC Days Lost from Sickness NOWORK Days Lost from Inability to Get Work DLOSTOTH Days Lost from Other Causes OWNHM Home Ownership HMVALUE Value of Home INCUMB Incumbrance on Home RENT Rent FAMSIZE Number in Family TOTEAR Earnings of All Members of the Family FAMWK Number in Family Working for Wages MALWK Number of Males Working for Wages FEMWK Number of Females Working for Wages KIDSWK Number of Children under 14 Working for Wages SCH Number of Children Attending Public School UNION Member of Labor Organization? What Craft? BENESOC Member of Beneficiary Association INSLIFE Insurance, Life INSACC Insurance, Accident INSFIRE Insurance, Fire WGINC Wages Increased? Give Percent. WGDEC Wages Decreased? Give Percent. COLMO Cost of Living Per Month COLYR Cost of Living Per Year COLINC Cost of Living Increased? Percent. COLDEC Cost of Living Decreased? Percent. SAVINGS Savings for the Past Year DEBT Run in Debt? Give Amount. WORKCOND Condition of Work FAVORARB Favor Compulsory Arbitration? RESIMM Favor Restricting or Suppressing Immigration? Table 2 Present Occupation of Respondents [OCC] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency 1 Baker 1 2 Barber 41 3 Bartender 1 4 Blacksmith 1 5 Bleacher 1 6 Boiler-maker 2 7 Bookbinder 2 8 Bookkeeper 1 9 Brakeman 30 10 Broom-maker 1 11 Butcher 17 12 Cabinet-maker 1 13 Car builder 2 14 Carpenter 17 15 Carriage-maker 1 16 Cigar-maker 26 17 City Firman 34 18 Civil engineer 1 19 Coal-miner 22 20 Com. traveler 1 21 Conductor 13 22 Cook 1 23 Cooper 9 24 Druggist 1 25 Engineer 1 26 Fireman 1 27 Flour packer 1 28 Grain buyer 1 29 Gripman 1 30 Guard 1 31 Gunsmith 1 32 Harness-maker 3 33 Horseshoer 1 34 Hotel Porter 1 35 Jeweler 1 36 Laborer 31 37 Loco. engineer 32 38 Loco. fireman 23 39 Machinist 20 40 Marble-cutter 2 41 Miller 7 42 Millwright 1 43 Molder 3 44 Motorman 9 45 Painter 8 46 Paper hanger 1 47 Pharmacist 3 48 Plasterer 2 49 Plumber 1 50 Police 23 51 Porter 4 52 Pressman 1 53 Printer 44 54 Reporter 1 55 Retail clerk 11 56 Rly. employee 3 57 Salesman 3 58 Sec. foreman 1 59 Shipping clerk 1 60 Shoemaker 2 61 Solicitor 1 62 St. rly. conductor 14 63 Stat'y engineer 3 64 Stat'y fireman 4 65 Stereotyper 1 66 Stone-cutter 1 67 Stone-mason 3 68 Street com'r 2 69 Switchman 5 70 Tailor 3 71 Teacher 1 72 Telegraph operator 3 73 Traveling agent 1 74 Under-sheriff 1 75 Waiter 18 76 Watchman 1 Total 539 Table 3 County [RES] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency 1 Atchison 23 2 Barton 1 3 Bourbon 20 4 Brown 8 5 Cherokee 10 6 Cowley 12 7 Crawford 12 8 Dickinson 5 9 Douglas 11 10 Ellis 3 11 Franklin 11 12 Geary 5 13 Gove 1 14 Greenwood 1 15 Harvey 2 16 Jackson 1 17 Kearny 2 18 Labette 18 19 Leavenworth 36 20 Lyon 20 21 Maimi 1 22 Marion 3 23 Marshall 12 24 McPherson 1 25 Miami 13 26 Montgomery 15 27 Morris 1 28 Neosho 11 29 Osage 31 30 Pottawatomie 7 31 Reno 24 32 Saline 3 33 Sedgwick 38 34 Shawnee 45 35 Sherman 17 36 Sumner 5 37 Washington 2 38 Wilson 5 39 Wyandotte 103 Total 539 Table 4 Place of Birth of Respondents [POB] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 19 2 America 1 3 Arkansas 3 4 Austria 2 5 Canada 11 6 Denmark 1 7 Egypt 1 8 England 10 9 Europe 1 10 Florida 1 11 France 1 12 Georgia 1 13 Germany 26 14 Illinois 58 15 Illionis 1 16 Illnois 1 17 India 1 18 Indiana 37 19 Iowa 33 20 Ireland 8 21 Italy 13 22 Kansas 69 23 Kentucky 14 24 Louisiana 1 25 Maine 2 26 Maryland 4 27 Massachusetts 2 28 Michigan 13 29 Minnesota 3 30 Mississippi 1 31 Missouri 54 32 N. Carolina 4 33 N. Hampshire 1 34 Nebraska 1 35 New Jersey 3 36 New York 23 37 Ohio 45 38 Pennsylvania 24 39 Scotland 4 40 Spain 1 41 Switzerland 2 42 Tennessee 8 43 Texas 3 44 Vermont 4 45 Virginia 3 46 W. Virginia 2 47 Washington, DC 2 48 Wisconsin 16 Total 539 Table 5 Place of Birth of Respondents' Father [FPOB] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 13 2 Africa 6 3 America 292 4 Austria 2 5 Bohemia 1 6 Bulgaria 1 7 Canada 5 8 Denmark 2 9 England 29 10 France 10 11 Germany 87 12 Ireland 51 13 Italy 12 14 Mexico 1 15 Scotland 19 16 Spain 1 17 Sweden 3 18 Switzerland 2 19 Wales 2 Total 539 Table 6 Place of Birth of Respondents' Mother [MPOB] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 13 2 Africa 6 3 America 299 4 Austria 2 5 Bohemia 1 6 Canada 5 7 Denmark 2 8 Egypt 1 9 England 22 10 France 9 11 Germany 84 12 Holland 1 13 India 1 14 Ireland 54 15 Italy 12 16 Mexico 1 17 Scotland 17 18 Spain 1 29 Sweden 4 20 Switzerland 2 21 Wales 2 Total 539 Table 7 Age [AGE] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Age Frequency 16 - 20 26 21 - 30 206 31 - 40 193 41 - 50 83 51 - 60 25 61 - 73 6 Total 539 Table 8 Have You Trade or Professional? [TRADE] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 51 1 No 57 2 Yes 431 Total 539 Table 9 Name of Trade or Profession [NTRADE] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 114 2 B.M. tel. op. 1 3 Baker 2 4 Barber 43 5 Beef boner 3 6 Blacksmith 2 7 Bleacher 1 8 Boiler-maker 1 9 Bookbinder 2 10 Bookkeeper 1 11 Brakeman 23 12 Bricklayer 1 13 Butcher 15 14 Cabinet-maker 1 15 Can making 1 16 Car'ge-maker 1 17 Carpenter 24 18 Cigar-maker 28 19 City fireman 3 20 Civil engineer 2 21 Clerk 5 22 Conductor 12 23 Cook 1 24 Cooper 9 25 Dredgeman 1 26 Druggist 1 27 Electrician 2 28 Eng. & S.F. 1 29 Engineer 3 30 Fireman 2 31 Fresco p'ter 1 32 Grain buyer 1 33 Gripman 1 34 Gunsmith 1 35 Harness-maker 3 36 Horseshoer 1 37 Hot. waiter 3 38 Hotel man 1 39 Jeweler 1 40 Job press'n 1 41 Loco. engineer 31 42 Loco. fireman 15 43 Machinist 22 44 Marble-cutter 2 45 Mason 1 46 Meatcutter 1 47 Miller 7 48 Millwright 1 49 Miner 3 50 Molder 4 51 Motorman 4 52 P'ter,dec'r 1 53 Painter 9 54 Paper hanger 4 55 Pedagogue 1 56 Pharmacist 3 57 Plasterer 5 58 Plumber 2 59 Policeman 6 60 Porter 1 61 Pressman 1 62 Printer 46 63 Ptr. p.h'ger 2 64 Rly. conductor 1 65 Salesman 3 66 Sec. foreman 1 67 Sh'p b'cher 1 68 Ship. clerk 1 69 Shoemaker 2 70 St. rly. conductor 3 71 Sta. engineer 1 72 Sta. fireman 2 73 Stenog'r 1 74 Stereotyper 1 75 Stone-cutter 1 76 Stone-mason 3 77 Switchman 5 78 Tailor 2 79 Teacher 1 80 Tele'ph 3 81 Threader 1 82 Tinner 1 83 Trainman 2 84 Waiter 11 Total 539 Table 10 Years Employed in Present Occupation [YRSOCC] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Years or code Frequency -9(No response) 40 -8("0") 1 0.04 - 1.00 year 78 1.01 - 5.00 180 5.01 - 10.00 123 10.01 - 15.00 56 15.01 - 20.00 27 20.01 - 25.00 15 25.01 - 30.00 12 30.01 - 55.00 7 Total 539 Table 11 Number of Hours Per Day's Work [HOURS] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Hours or code Frequency -9(No response) 46 3.00 - 6.00 hours 11 6.01 - 8.00 67 8.01 - 10.00 221 10.01 - 12.00 110 12.01 - 14.00 41 14.01 - 16.00 9 16.01 - 24.00 34 Total 539 Table 12 Earnings Per Day [EARDAY] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 348 $0.75 - 1.00 17 1.01 - 1.50 52 1.51 - 2.00 53 2.01 - 2.50 41 2.51 - 3.00 12 3.01 - 3.50 3 3.51 - 4.00 11 4.01 - 6.58 2 Total 539 Table 13 Earnings Per Week [EARWK] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 436 $1.50 - 5.00 17 5.01 - 10.00 51 10.01 - 15.00 28 15.01 - 20.00 5 20.01 - 60.00 2 Total 539 Table 14 Earnings Per Month [EARMO] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 371 $12.00 - 20.00 23 20.01 - 30.00 7 30.01 - 40.00 15 40.01 - 50.00 30 50.01 - 60.00 41 60.01 - 70.00 21 70.01 - 80.00 14 80.01 - 90.00 7 90.01 - 100.00 7 100.01 - 125.00 3 Total 539 Table 15 Earnings Per Year [EARYR] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 491 -8("0") 1 $78.00 - 150.00 5 150.01 - 300.00 2 300.01 - 450.00 3 450.01 - 600.00 15 600.01 - 750.00 10 750.01 - 900.00 2 900.01 - 1,300.00 10 Total 539 Table 16 Income from all Other Sources Per Year [OTHINC] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 472 -8("0") 22 $10.00 - 50.00 9 50.01 - 100.00 10 100.01 - 150.00 10 150.01 - 200.00 6 200.01 - 250.00 2 250.01 - 1,800.00 8 Total 539 Table 17 Days Lost from Sickness and Other Causes A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Days Frequency or code Sickness Other Causes [DLOSTSIC] [DLOSTOTH] -9(No response) 465 483 0.5 - 10.0 days 18 16 10.1 - 20.0 8 7 20.1 - 30.0 15 13 30.1 - 40.0 4 3 40.1 - 50.0 2 1 50.1 - 60.0 9 7 60.1 - 70.0 3 0 70.1 - 80.0 2 2 80.1 - 90.0 6 2 90.1 - 100.0 2 0 100.1 - 310.0 5 5 Total 539 539 Table 18 Days Lost from Inability to Get Work [NOWORK] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Days or code Frequency -9(No response) 391 3.0 - 50.0 days 33 50.1 - 100.0 52 100.1 - 150.0 17 150.1 - 200.0 39 200.1 - 253.0 7 Total 539 Table 19 Home Ownership [OWNHM] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 75 1 No 317 2 Yes 147 Total 539 Table 20 Value of Home [HMVALUE] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 401 $90.00 - 200.00 9 200.01 - 400.00 12 400.01 - 600.00 21 600.01 - 800.00 24 800.01 - 1,000.00 19 1,000.01 - 1,200.00 15 1,200.01 - 1,400.00 2 1,400.01 - 1,600.00 10 1,600.01 - 1,800.00 3 1,800.01 - 2,000.00 11 2,000.01 - 8,000.00 12 Total 539 Table 21 Incumbrance on Home [INCUMB] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 466 -8("0") 16 $27.00 - 100.00 9 100.01 - 200.00 10 200.01 - 300.00 7 300.01 - 400.00 9 400.01 - 500.00 8 500.01 - 600.00 6 600.01 - 700.00 1 700.01 - 800.00 3 800.01 - 2,000.00 4 Total 539 Table 22 Rent [RENT] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 268 $1.50 - 2.00 5 2.01 - 3.00 17 3.01 - 4.00 25 4.01 - 5.00 29 5.01 - 6.00 40 6.01 - 7.00 31 7.01 - 8.00 37 8.01 - 9.00 14 9.01 - 10.00 42 10.01 - 11.00 1 11.01 - 12.00 11 12.01 - 13.00 8 13.01 - 14.00 1 14.01 - 15.00 5 15.01 - 150.00 5 Total 539 Table 23 Number in Family [FAMSIZE] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Number or code Frequency -9(No response) 150 1 person 10 2 85 3 96 4 78 5 50 6 36 7 12 8 15 9 3 10 1 11 1 12 2 Total 539 Table 24 Earnings of All Members of the Familly [TOTEAR] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 503 $9.60 - 50.00 3 50.01 - 100.00 6 100.01 - 150.00 0 150.01 - 200.00 0 200.01 - 250.00 0 250.01 - 500.00 8 500.01 - 1,000.00 9 1,000.01 - 2,120.00 10 Total 539 Table 25 Number in Family Working for Wages A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Number Frequency or code Total Males Females Children [FAMWK] [MALWK] [FEMWK] [KIDSWK] -9(No response) 347 377 505 529 1 person 127 120 29 4 2 43 33 2 3 3 11 6 3 1 4 9 2 0 2 5 1 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 Total 539 539 539 539 Table 26 Number of Children Attending Public School [SCH] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Number or code Frequency -9(No response) 394 1 child 51 2 50 3 25 4 15 5 4 Total 539 Table 27 Member of Labor Organization? What Craft? [UNION] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 290 2 A.F.L. 2 3 A.F.L.U. 5 4 A.F.U. 1 5 A.L.U. 6 6 B. of B.M. 1 7 B. of C.& J. 2 8 B. of L.E. 32 9 B. of L.F. 23 10 B. of R.T. 29 11 B.B.U. 3 12 B.L.F. 1 13 B.P. and D. 5 14 B.R.T. 1 15 C.I. of N.A. 9 16 C.I.U. 6 17 C.M.U. 22 18 C.U. 1 19 F.L.U. 3 20 F.U. 1 21 I.A. of M. 11 22 I.B. of B.B. 1 23 I.T.U. 16 24 J.B.I.U. 22 25 L.S.F.U. 1 26 O.R.C. 18 27 P.B.U. 9 28 R.C.N.P.A. 8 29 S.B.U. 2 30 S.C.U. 1 31 S.F.U. 3 32 S.U.N.A. 3 33 U.M.W. 1 Total 539 Table 28 Member of Beneficiary Association [BENESOC] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 131 1 No 113 2 Yes 295 Total 539 Table 29 Insurance A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Frequency Code Response Life Accident Fire [INSLIFE] [INSACC] [INSFIRE] -9 No response 284 448 436 1 No 254 91 103 2 Yes 1 0 0 Total 539 539 539 Table 30 Wages Increased or Decreased? Give Percent. A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Change Frequency or code Increase Decrease [WGINC] [WGDEC] -9 (No response) 492 426 0.33 - 10.00% 31 64 10.01 - 20.00 10 24 20.01 - 30.00 3 8 30.01 - 40.00 2 7 40.01 - 50.00 0 9 50.01 - 90.00 0 1 Total 539 539 Table 31 Cost of Living Per Month [COLMO] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 130 $4.00 - 10.00 11 10.01 - 15.00 39 15.01 - 20.00 80 20.01 - 25.00 57 25.01 - 30.00 67 30.01 - 35.00 28 35.01 - 40.00 47 40.01 - 45.00 15 45.01 - 50.00 34 50.01 - 55.00 1 55.01 - 60.00 18 60.01 - 80.00 12 Total 539 Table 32 Cost of Living Per Year [COLYR] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 500 $100.00 - 200.00 6 200.01 - 400.00 17 400.01 - 600.00 11 600.01 - 800.00 1 800.01 - 1,200.00 4 Total 539 Table 33 Cost of Living Increased or Decreased? Percent A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Frequency Change Increase Decrease or code [COLINC] [COLDEC] -9(No response) 494 472 0.25 - 1.00% 29 32 1.01 - 5.00 4 6 5.01 - 10.00 7 15 10.01 - 15.00 2 5 15.01 - 20.00 1 3 20.01 - 50.00 2 6 Total 539 539 Table 34 Savings [SAVINGS] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 308 -8("0") 108 $2.00 - 50.00 17 50.01 - 100.00 34 100.01 - 150.00 14 150.01 - 200.00 22 200.01 - 250.00 5 250.01 - 300.00 17 300.01 - 765.00 14 Total 539 Table 35 Debt [DEBT] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Value or code Frequency -9(No response) 290 -8("0") 140 -7("Yes") 2 $3.00 - 50.00 57 50.01 - 100.00 29 100.01 - 150.00 0 150.01 - 200.00 16 200.01 - 400.00 5 Total 539 Table 36 Condition of Work [WORKCOND] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 86 1 Good 60 2 Fair 91 3 Poor 279 4 Dull 11 5 Bad 12 Total 539 Table 34 Favor Compulsory Arbitration? [FAVORARB] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 118 1 No 113 2 Yes 308 Total 539 Table 37 Favor Restricting or Suppressing Immigration? [RESIMM] A Survey of 539 Male Wage-Earners in Kansas, 1896 Code Response Frequency -9 No response 60 1 Suppress 263 2 Restrict 216 Total 539